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Upconversion of Reductants.

Mikhail A Syroeshkin1, Febin Kuriakose2, Evgeniya A Saverina1,3

  • 1N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|August 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored electron upconversion, a method to boost reducing power using chemical reactions. This technique generates potent reductants under mild conditions, opening doors for novel applications.

Keywords:
electron transferfragmentationsphotoredox catalysisradical anionsreductantsupconversion

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Photochemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Photon upconversion converts low-energy photons to high-energy photons.
  • The concept of "electron upconversion" is explored as an analogous process.
  • Exergonic chemical reactions can increase reduction potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate how electron upconversion can be achieved.
  • To present the two main types of electron-upconverting systems.
  • To highlight the potential applications of reductant upconversion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the free energy from exergonic chemical reactions to enhance reduction potential.
  • Categorizing electron-upconverting systems into dissociative and associative types.
  • Reviewing existing literature on electron upconversion principles and applications.

Main Results:

  • Electron upconversion can generate up to 20-25 kcal/mol of additional redox potential.
  • This process creates powerful reductants under mild conditions.
  • Two common systems are dissociative (unimolecular fragmentation) and associative (three-electron bond formation).

Conclusions:

  • Electron upconversion offers a novel approach to generating strong reducing agents.
  • Potential applications span electrocatalysis, photoredox reactions, medicine, and DNA repair.
  • This review provides a foundation for further research and development in reductant upconversion.