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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Skin Cancer01:30

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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells From Human Prostate Cancer Samples
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Hypofractionation for prostate cancer: an update.

David Tiberi1, Peter Vavassis1, David Nguyen1

  • 1a Radiation Oncology , Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont , Montreal , Quebec , H1T 2M4 , Canada.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|August 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Hypofractionated radiation therapy shows promise for prostate cancer, with moderate hypofractionation (60 Gy in 20 fractions) demonstrating safety and efficacy. Extreme hypofractionation requires further study in clinical trials.

Keywords:
Prostate cancerandrogen deprivation therapyhypofractionationradiation therapyradiosurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation Oncology
  • Urologic Oncology

Background:

  • Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) advances fuel interest in high-dose-per-fraction regimens for prostate cancer.
  • Prostate tumors' low alpha/beta ratio suggests hypofractionation may improve tumor control and reduce toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
  • To emphasize findings from large, randomized phase III trials influencing clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current evidence on hypofractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
  • Emphasis on large, randomized phase III trials.
  • Discussion of moderate and extreme hypofractionation techniques.

Main Results:

  • Moderate hypofractionation (60 Gy in 20 fractions) shows 5-year outcomes from prospective trials indicating safety and efficacy.
  • This regimen was not associated with increased late toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate hypofractionation is a safe and effective treatment for prostate cancer.
  • Extreme hypofractionation requires further investigation through mature phase III trials.
  • Current use of radiosurgery for prostate cancer should be limited to prospective clinical trials.