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Oligomers as Triggers for Responsive Liquid Crystals.

Young-Ki Kim1, Krishna R Raghupathi2, Joel S Pendery1

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Aqueous amphiphilic oligomers trigger phase transitions in liquid crystals (LCs). Oligomer structure influences transition speed, with trimers showing faster surface ordering and slower bulk changes. This research aids in designing responsive LC materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Previous studies explored monomeric and polymeric amphiphile interactions with liquid crystals (LCs).
  • A knowledge gap exists regarding the influence of oligomeric amphiphiles on LC ordering and phase behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of aqueous amphiphilic oligomers on the ordering of thermotropic liquid crystal films.
  • To understand how the degree of oligomerization affects surface and bulk phase transitions in liquid crystals.
  • To explore the potential of oligomers as triggers for responsive liquid crystal systems.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of amphiphilic oligomers with varying degrees of oligomerization (monomer, dimer, trimer).
  • Incubation of aqueous oligomer solutions with nematic liquid crystal (4'-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile, 5CB) films.
  • Observation and analysis of surface-driven orientational and bulk phase transitions using microscopy and other techniques.

Main Results:

  • All tested amphiphilic oligomers induced sequential planar-to-homeotropic orientational and nematic-to-isotropic bulk phase transitions in 5CB films.
  • Transition dynamics were dependent on the oligomerization degree, with faster orientational changes and slower phase transitions observed for higher oligomers.
  • The mechanism involved decreased anchoring energy, with transitions nucleating at the aqueous-LC interface, indicating surface-induced disorder.

Conclusions:

  • Amphiphilic oligomers can effectively trigger orientational and phase transitions in liquid crystals.
  • The degree of oligomerization is a critical factor in controlling the dynamics of these transitions.
  • These findings offer insights for designing responsive liquid crystal materials triggered by specific molecular designs, including photocleavable oligomers.