Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

8.4K
In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.4K
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

11.5K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
11.5K
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins02:18

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

19.6K
Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
19.6K
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

5.4K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
5.4K
Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

2.3K
Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
2.3K
Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

2.0K
Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Paper template-based intraoperative rod bending for percutaneous stabilization of thoracic extension-distraction fracture: illustrative case.

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons·2026
Same author

Caretaker views on deep brain stimulation for cognitively impaired patients with Parkinson's disease.

Surgical neurology international·2026
Same author

Application of enhanced recovery after surgery for patients with spinal metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of neuro-oncology·2026
Same author

Laser interstitial thermal therapy with a previously implanted responsive neurostimulation device: a multicenter experience. Illustrative cases.

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons·2026
Same author

Five-Year Outcomes from Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus for Parkinson Disease.

JAMA neurology·2025
Same author

Establishing a Standardized Fellowship Curriculum for Advanced Minimally Invasive Spine Interventions: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Training and Competency.

Neurospine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation
11:12

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Published on: July 16, 2014

23.1K

Deep brain stimulation for appetite disorders: a review.

Alexander C Whiting1, Michael Y Oh2, Donald M Whiting2

  • 11Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona; and.

Neurosurgical Focus
|August 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Deep brain stimulation shows promise for treating appetite disorders like obesity and anorexia nervosa by targeting specific brain regions. Further research is needed to confirm long-term effectiveness and safety.

Keywords:
AN = anorexia nervosaBMI = body mass indexDBS = deep brain stimulationLH = lateral hypothalamusMDD = major depressive disorderNAc = nucleus accumbensOCD = obsessive-compulsive disorderVMH = ventromedial hypothalamusanorexia nervosaappetite disordersdeep brain stimulationfMRI = functional MRIneuromodulationobesity

More Related Videos

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents
11:09

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2014

14.6K
Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
05:44

Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function

Published on: July 14, 2016

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation
11:12

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Published on: July 16, 2014

23.1K
Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents
11:09

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2014

14.6K
Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
05:44

Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function

Published on: July 14, 2016

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Appetite disorders, including refractory obesity and anorexia nervosa, involve complex central nervous system (CNS) pathology.
  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a proven, adjustable treatment for various neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a therapeutic intervention for refractory obesity and anorexia nervosa.
  • To review existing research on DBS targets and outcomes for these appetite disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal models and human studies investigating DBS for obesity and anorexia nervosa.
  • Identification of key brain regions targeted in DBS interventions, including the hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, and subcallosal cingulate.

Main Results:

  • Animal studies indicate success in targeting the ventromedial hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamus, and nucleus accumbens for obesity.
  • Research for anorexia nervosa highlights targets such as the subcallosal cingulate, nucleus accumbens, and medial forebrain bundle.
  • Limited human studies show promising, yet preliminary, findings for DBS in treating refractory obesity and anorexia nervosa.

Conclusions:

  • Deep brain stimulation presents a potential treatment avenue for severe appetite disorders.
  • Further investigation is crucial to establish the long-term efficacy and safety of DBS for these conditions.