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Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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Abnormal Functional Connectivity Density in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Weina Li1,2,3, Jiuquan Zhang4, Chaoyang Zhou3,4

  • 1Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|August 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) alters brain connectivity density. Patients show reduced short-range functional connectivity density in motor areas and increased long-range connectivity in premotor regions, indicating widespread neural deficits.

Keywords:
amyotrophic lateral sclerosisfunctional connectivityfunctional connectivity density (FCD)functional magnetic resonance imagingresting state

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder impacting both motor and extra-motor neural pathways.
  • While functional connectivity strength alterations are documented, changes in functional connectivity density (FCD) in ALS remain underexplored.
  • This study investigates ALS-induced alterations in resting-state FCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize ALS-induced changes in resting-state functional connectivity density (FCD).
  • To explore the relationship between aberrant FCD and brain regions involved in motor control and cognitive functions.
  • To gain deeper insight into the neural mechanisms underlying ALS.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed on 38 ALS patients and 35 healthy controls.
  • An ultra-fast graph theory method, FCD mapping, was used to calculate voxel-wise short- and long-range FCD.
  • Seed-based functional connectivity analysis and partial correlation analyses were conducted.

Main Results:

  • ALS patients exhibited decreased short-range FCD in the primary motor cortex and increased long-range FCD in the premotor cortex.
  • Significant FCD alterations were also observed in extra-motor regions including the temporal cortex, insula, cingulate gyrus, occipital cortex, and inferior parietal lobule.
  • Seed-based analysis confirmed disrupted functional connectivity in these areas, but no significant correlations were found with clinical variables.

Conclusions:

  • Altered FCD in ALS patients suggests communication deficits and impaired brain dynamics.
  • These neural changes may underlie the diverse motor, cognitive, and visuoperceptual deficits observed in ALS.
  • The findings highlight ALS as a multi-system disorder, providing insights into its underlying neural mechanisms.