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  • 1Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

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Silent hand gestures, or co-thought gestures, can aid complex problem-solving, especially for individuals with lower visual working memory. Gesticulation supports cognitive processes during silent tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Embodied Cognition

Background:

  • Co-speech gestures are widely studied, but co-thought gestures during silent problem-solving are under-researched.
  • Gestures may play a role in cognitive processes beyond communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if silent hand gestures (co-thought gestures) improve performance on a Tower of Hanoi problem-solving task.
  • To examine the relationship between gesticulation, working memory capacity, and task complexity.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-six participants were divided into three groups: non-gesturing, spontaneous gesturing, and instructed gesturing.
  • Performance on the Tower of Hanoi task was assessed in relation to visual and spatial working memory capacity.
  • The study examined the effect of gesture conditions on problem-solving performance.

Main Results:

  • Gesticulation during silent problem-solving benefited performance for participants with lower visual working memory capacity.
  • No significant benefit was observed for participants with lower spatial working memory capacity.
  • The findings align with the embedded/extended cognition perspective on gesture.

Conclusions:

  • Silent, non-communicative hand gestures can support cognitive functions, particularly in individuals with limited visual working memory.
  • Gesture is an embodied cognitive tool that can aid in complex problem-solving.
  • Future research should further explore the role of embodied cognition in problem-solving strategies.