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Interleukin-34, a comprehensive review.

Muhammad Baghdadi1, Yui Umeyama1, Naoki Hama1

  • 1Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

Journal of Leukocyte Biology
|August 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a conserved cytokine crucial for myeloid cell development and tissue homeostasis. Its dysregulation is linked to various diseases, highlighting its therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
CSF-1R ligandscytokinedevelopmenthomeostasisimmunityinflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Cell Biology
  • Molecular and Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a novel cytokine identified in 2008, functioning as a tissue-specific ligand for the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R).
  • It is highly conserved across vertebrates and structurally belongs to the short-chain helical hematopoietic cytokine family.
  • IL-34 interacts with CSF-1R, protein-tyrosine phosphatase-zeta (PTP-ζ), and syndecan-1, modulating key cellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological characteristics of IL-34, ten years after its discovery.
  • To discuss the significance of the IL-34 signaling network in both physiological and pathological contexts.
  • To explore the potential clinical applications of IL-34 in disease diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive proteomic analysis leading to IL-34 discovery.
  • Analysis of IL-34's structural properties and binding interactions.
  • Review of existing literature on IL-34's role in cellular functions, development, and disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • IL-34 regulates critical cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, survival, and metabolism.
  • In steady-state conditions, IL-34 is essential for maintaining Langerhans cells in the skin and microglia in the brain.
  • Altered IL-34 expression levels are implicated in the pathogenesis, progression, severity, and chronicity of various diseases.

Conclusions:

  • IL-34 plays vital physiological roles in tissue-specific myeloid cell development and homeostasis.
  • Its involvement in pathological conditions underscores its significance as a potential therapeutic target.
  • IL-34 represents a promising avenue for clinical applications in disease management.