Purification and characterization of a lectin with refolding ability from Genipa americana bark

Genipa americana L., commonly known as genipap, is a plant with economical and medicinal importance, and a promising source of bioactive compounds. Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with several biotechnological applications. This study reports the isolation and characterization of a G. americana bark lectin (GaBL). A single chromatographic procedure on Sephacryl S-100 resulted in isolation of GaBL, a protein with native molecular weight of over 200 kDa and pI 4.02, whose hemagglutinating activity was inhibited by lactose and fetuin, not affected by ions (Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺), and stable upon heating (303-393 K) as well as over the pH range 5-10. The highest activity was found at a temperature lower than 333 K and pH 5. The secondary structure was analyzed by circular dichroism and showed a prevalence of beta structures and unordered forms. GaBL was able to partially refold in acidic pH conditions when dissolved in PBS buffer at pH 7.4. In conclusion, GaBL was purified in milligram quantities with high stability against different conditions, and is a new biomaterial with potential biotechnological applications.