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Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

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TiO2-based transparent coatings create self-cleaning surfaces.

Yechan Won1, Kevin Schwartzenberg1, Kimberly A Gray1

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3109, USA.

Chemosphere
|August 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New transparent titanium dioxide (TiO2) coatings offer effective self-cleaning properties for touchscreens. These coatings demonstrate significant bactericidal efficacy, outperforming commercial antibacterial glass in combating healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).

Keywords:
AntimicrobialPhotocatalystThin filmsTransparent coatings

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a significant concern, driving the need for effective antimicrobial surfaces.
  • Self-cleaning surfaces offer a promising strategy to reduce microbial contamination in healthcare settings.
  • Transparent coatings are desirable for applications like touchscreens where visibility is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate TiO2-based transparent coatings for self-cleaning touchscreen applications.
  • To assess the antimicrobial efficacy of these coatings under both dark and illuminated conditions.
  • To compare the performance of TiO2 coatings against commercial antibacterial glass.

Main Methods:

  • Dip-coating of borosilicate glass slides with TiO2-based materials to create transparent films.
  • Characterization of surface properties using atomic force microscopy (AFM) for roughness and contact angle analysis for hydrophilicity.
  • Evaluation of antimicrobial performance by quantifying bacterial attachment and viability after exposure to bacterial suspensions under dark and UV-illuminated conditions.

Main Results:

  • TiO2-based transparent coatings were successfully prepared with controlled roughness and hydrophilicity.
  • Nanoparticle silver-doped titanium dioxide (n-Ag/TiO2) coatings exhibited >80% bactericidal efficacy and minimal bacterial attachment after UV exposure.
  • TiO2 coatings demonstrated superior antimicrobial activity compared to regular and Ag-coated commercial antibacterial glass.

Conclusions:

  • TiO2-based transparent coatings show significant potential as self-cleaning surfaces for touchscreen applications.
  • These coatings effectively reduce bacterial attachment and exhibit strong bactericidal activity, particularly under UV illumination.
  • The developed TiO2 coatings represent a promising advancement over existing commercial antibacterial glass solutions for infection control.