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AIDS and haemophilia.

R Carr

    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Hemophiliacs are at high risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection through blood products like factor VIII concentrates. While many are infected, few develop AIDS, but immunological changes are common.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Hematology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Hemophiliacs represent approximately 1% of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) cases.
    • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), previously known as LAV/HTLV-III, is transmitted via blood and factor VIII concentrates.
    • Since 1981, a significant increase in HIV infection among hemophiliacs has been observed, evidenced by antibody detection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the prevalence of HIV infection in hemophiliacs.
    • To examine the immunological consequences of HIV exposure in this population.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of preventative measures against HIV transmission in hemophiliacs.

    Main Methods:

    • Detection of antibodies to LAV/HTLV-III (HIV) in hemophiliacs.
    • Monitoring of clinical progression to AIDS.
    • Assessment of T-lymphocyte helper/suppressor ratios.
    • Evaluation of blood screening tests and heat-treated factor concentrates.

    Main Results:

    • Up to 90% of hemophiliacs in certain populations are seropositive for HIV antibodies.
    • Less than 1% of infected hemophiliacs have progressed to clinical AIDS.
    • Immunological abnormalities, including reduced T-helper/suppressor cell ratios, are prevalent in hemophiliacs treated with factor VIII.
    • Heat-treated factor VIII concentrate has shown no evidence of transmitting HIV.
    • Factor IX concentrate may transmit HIV less frequently, with rare cases of AIDS in Hemophilia B patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Hemophiliacs are a vulnerable population for HIV infection, primarily through blood product exposure.
    • While HIV infection is widespread in this group, clinical AIDS progression is currently low.
    • Immunological monitoring is crucial, and preventative strategies like screening and heat-treated concentrates are vital for reducing transmission.

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