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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy Of Amines01:19

NMR Spectroscopy Of Amines

11.1K
In proton NMR spectroscopy, primary amines and secondary amines showcase their N–H protons as a broad signal in the chemical shift range between δ 0.5 and 5 ppm. The exact position in this range depends on several factors, including sample concentration, hydrogen bonding, and the type of solvent used. Since amine protons undergo fast proton exchange in solution, the protons are labile and therefore do not participate in any splitting with adjacent protons. Thus, the observed peak is...
11.1K
NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds01:14

NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds

6.4K
Aromatic compounds can be identified or analyzed using proton NMR and carbon‐13 NMR. Typically, aromatic hydrogens or hydrogens directly bonded to the aromatic rings are strongly deshielded by the aromatic ring current. Therefore, they absorb in the range of 6.5–8.0 ppm in proton NMR spectra. For instance, aromatic hydrogens directly bonded to the benzene ring absorb at 7.3 ppm. However, aromatic hydrogens of larger rings absorb farther upfield or downfield than the ideal range.
6.4K
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:34

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

11.3K
Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling...
11.3K
NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview01:15

NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview

3.3K
The position of the absorption signal of a sample is reported relative to the position of the signal of tetramethylsilane (TMS), which is added as an internal reference while recording spectra. The difference between the absorption frequencies of the sample and TMS (in Hz) is divided by the spectrometer operating frequency (in MHz) to obtain a dimensionless quantity called the chemical shift. It is reported on the δ (delta) scale and expressed in parts per million.
For instance, the proton...
3.3K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.2K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.2K
NMR and Mass Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids01:30

NMR and Mass Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids

5.3K
In ¹H NMR spectroscopy, acidic protons (–COOH) of carboxylic acids are highly deshielded and absorb far downfield, at around 9–12 ppm. The chemical shift value depends on the concentration and solvent used.
While α protons of carboxylic acids absorb at 2–2.5 ppm, β protons absorb further upfield.
Carboxylic acids are easily identified by dissolving them in deuterium oxide, which results in a rapid exchange of the acidic protons with deuterium. This leads to the...
5.3K

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Perspective: Current advances in solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

Sharon E Ashbrook1, Paul Hodgkinson2

  • 1School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|August 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques have overcome major challenges in spectral resolution and sensitivity. Advances enable detailed analysis of local structure and dynamics across diverse materials, driving the field of NMR crystallography.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) faces challenges in spectral resolution and sensitivity compared to solution-state NMR.
  • These limitations stem from the inherent complexity of solid materials and reduced signal-to-noise ratios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in solid-state NMR techniques.
  • To highlight methods that enhance spectral resolution and sensitivity.
  • To showcase applications of these improved techniques in characterizing diverse materials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of technique developments pushing resolution to intrinsic limits.
  • Exploration of sensitivity enhancement approaches, including Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation (DNP).
  • Integration of quantum chemical calculations, such as density functional theory (DFT), for data interpretation.

Main Results:

  • Solid-state NMR spectral resolution has been significantly improved.
  • Sensitivity enhancements, particularly via DNP, have broadened applicability.
  • Successful application to diverse systems including biomolecules, energy materials, pharmaceuticals, and disordered materials.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-state NMR is now a powerful tool for probing local structure and dynamics.
  • The synergy between experimental NMR and computational chemistry fuels the emerging field of NMR crystallography.
  • Further advancements promise deeper insights into complex solid materials.