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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • High genetic differentiation observed in microbial populations challenges the notion of cosmopolitan distribution.
  • Aquatic microalgae often possess long-term resting stages in sediments, acting as seed banks.
  • The impact of these seed banks on population genetic structure remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a conceptual framework and model explaining the effect of resting stages on population genetics.
  • To investigate how seed banks influence genetic diversity and differentiation in microalgae.
  • To reconcile patterns of gene flow with life-history strategies in aquatic microbes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a simple conceptual model.
  • Systematic literature review of empirical data.
  • Comparative analysis of species with and without resting stages.

Main Results:

  • Long-term resting stages exert an 'anchoring effect' on populations.
  • Seed banks lead to increased genetic diversity and population differentiation, even with gene flow.
  • Species with resting stages exhibit higher genetic differentiation than those without.

Conclusions:

  • Seed banks are crucial in shaping genetic structure and evolutionary trajectories of aquatic microalgae.
  • Resting stages help explain contradictory patterns of gene flow and high genetic differentiation.
  • Understanding seed banks is key to predicting adaptive potential and population dynamics in species with these life-history traits.