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Evidence for functional state transitions in intensively-managed soil ecosystems.

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Soil resilience to extreme drying and re-wetting depends on land-use history. Grassland soils recovered, while arable soils shifted to a less resilient state, demonstrating management

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Area of Science:

  • Soil science
  • Ecology
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • Soils are crucial for ecosystem function and food security.
  • Soil resilience is key to understanding ecosystem stability.
  • Soils serve as models for studying complex system resilience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate soil resilience to extreme drying and re-wetting cycles.
  • To determine if land-use history influences soil tipping points into alternative stable states.
  • To assess the impact of historical management on soil functional shifts.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental plots with distinct land-use histories (grass, arable, fallow) were used.
  • Soils underwent repeated cycles of extreme drying and re-wetting.
  • Soil respiration responses to a complex carbon substrate were measured before and after disturbance.

Main Results:

  • Initial disturbances impaired microbial function across all soil types.
  • Grassland soils, and those with recent grass history, demonstrated resilience, returning to their prior functional state.
  • Arable soils exhibited reduced resilience, shifting towards a functional state similar to fallow soils.
  • Management history significantly influenced the soil's response to repeated stress.

Conclusions:

  • Repeated extreme drying and re-wetting can induce persistent functional shifts in soils.
  • Land-use history, particularly grassland management, enhances soil resilience.
  • Arable soil management may lead to decreased resilience and functional instability.