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Related Concept Videos

Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
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Polytene Chromosomes02:04

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Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
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Light Acquisition02:16

Light Acquisition

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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Electrophysiological Recordings from the Giant Fiber Pathway of D. melanogaster
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Electrophysiological Recordings from the Giant Fiber Pathway of D. melanogaster

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Giant Occipitocervical Encephalocele.

Jitender Chaturvedi1, Nishant Goyal1, Rajnish Kumar Arora1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice
|August 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Giant occipitocervical encephalocele, a large brain herniation at the neck, presents significant challenges. This case report details its management and reviews literature for complex cases.

Keywords:
Encephalocelegianthydrocephalusoccipitocervical

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Encephaloceles are neural tube defects involving brain herniation.
  • Occipitocervical encephaloceles extend from the skull into the cervical spine.
  • Giant encephaloceles are notably larger than the infant's head.

Observation:

  • A case of a giant occipitocervical encephalocele in a very young patient is presented.
  • The defect posed significant diagnostic, anesthetic, and surgical challenges.
  • Associated congenital anomalies complicated management.

Findings:

  • Management of giant occipitocervical encephalocele requires specialized multidisciplinary care.
  • Surgical intervention is complex due to the large defect size and patient's age.
  • Review of literature highlights the rarity and management difficulties.

Implications:

  • Improved understanding of diagnostic and surgical techniques for giant occipitocervical encephaloceles.
  • Highlights the need for tailored anesthetic protocols for high-risk pediatric neurosurgery.
  • Emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to managing complex congenital anomalies.