Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Boundary Layer Characteristics01:18

Boundary Layer Characteristics

651
When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
651
What is an Electrochemical Gradient?01:26

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?

128.1K
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
128.1K
Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

11.1K
Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
11.1K
Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

744
Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent...
744
Areas Within Irregular Boundaries01:26

Areas Within Irregular Boundaries

385
Calculating areas within irregular boundaries, such as along rivers or curved roads, is crucial in various fields, including surveying, engineering, and environmental management. Surveyors often begin by creating a traverse, a connected series of straight lines approximating the area's boundary. The coordinates of each traverse point are essential for calculating the enclosed area. The double meridian distance formula is a widely used technique for this purpose. This method utilizes the...
385
Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving01:09

Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving

422
Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures enhance...
422

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Critical misalignments in climate pledges reveal imbalanced sustainable development pathways.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Causally coherent structures in turbulent dynamical systems.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

An Industry Perspective on Compassionate Use in Europe: A Call for Change.

Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science·2025
Same author

Classically studied coherent structures only paint a partial picture of wall-bounded turbulence.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Overcoming the barriers to treatment of rare cancer patients in the era of precision oncology: A call to action.

Cancer treatment reviews·2025
Same author

Flow control of three-dimensional cylinders transitioning to turbulence via multi-agent reinforcement learning.

Communications engineering·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron
09:41

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron

Published on: June 9, 2016

12.9K

Pressure-Gradient Turbulent Boundary Layers Developing Around a Wing Section.

Ricardo Vinuesa1,2, Seyed M Hosseini1,2, Ardeshir Hanifi1,2

  • 11Linné FLOW Centre, KTH Mechanics, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.

Flow, Turbulence and Combustion
|August 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Direct numerical simulations reveal how adverse pressure gradients on a wing section intensify large-scale flow motions, increasing turbulence and altering boundary layer characteristics. This contrasts with favorable pressure gradients, which reduce outer-layer structure energy.

Keywords:
Direct numerical simulationPressure gradientTurbulent boundary layerWing section

More Related Videos

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

12.4K
Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
07:10

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy

Published on: June 18, 2020

22.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron
09:41

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron

Published on: June 9, 2016

12.9K
Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

12.4K
Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
07:10

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy

Published on: June 18, 2020

22.8K

Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Aerodynamics
  • Turbulence Research

Background:

  • Analysis of a direct numerical simulation database for flow around a NACA4412 wing section.
  • Study conditions include a Reynolds number (Re) of 400,000 and a 5-degree angle of attack.
  • Clauser pressure-gradient parameter (β) ranges from 0 to 0.85 on the suction side and 0 to -0.25 on the pressure side.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the effects of adverse and favorable pressure gradients on turbulent boundary layers over a wing section.
  • To investigate the influence of pressure gradients on turbulence structures, skin friction, and energy dissipation.
  • To compare boundary layer behavior under different pressure gradient conditions with zero-pressure-gradient data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a direct numerical simulation database generated with the spectral-element code Nek5000.
  • Analyzed flow characteristics including shape factor, skin friction, and Reynolds-stress tensor components.
  • Employed spanwise premultiplied power-spectral density maps to assess large-scale flow motions.

Main Results:

  • Adverse pressure gradients on the suction side lead to increased shape factor, reduced skin friction, and enhanced wall-normal convection.
  • The boundary layer under adverse pressure gradients shows a more prominent wake region and an earlier emergence of an outer spectral peak in Reynolds stresses.
  • Favorable pressure gradients on the pressure side exhibit opposite effects, resulting in less energetic outer-layer structures.

Conclusions:

  • Adverse pressure gradients significantly intensify large-scale flow motions and alter turbulence production and dissipation.
  • The outer spectral peak phenomenon occurs closer to the wall under adverse pressure gradients compared to zero-pressure-gradient flows.
  • Understanding these pressure gradient effects is crucial for aerodynamic design and performance optimization.