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Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in an AIDS Patient with Normal CD4 Count: A Case Report
Eissa Soleymani1, Farhang Babamahmoodi2, Lotfollah Davoodi2
1Student Research Committee, Razi Teaching Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Iranian Journal of Parasitology
|August 3, 2018
Summary
Toxoplasmic encephalitis, a brain infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, can occur in advanced AIDS. Early diagnosis and treatment with antiparasitic and antiretroviral drugs are crucial for successful outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Radiology
Background:
- Toxoplasmic encephalitis is a significant opportunistic infection in patients with advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.
- It commonly affects the central nervous system (CNS) and can present with diverse neurological symptoms.
Observation:
- A case study of a 40-year-old female patient in Iran with symptoms including headache, visual disturbances, dysarthria, hemiplegia, and ptosis.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a characteristic ring-enhancing lesion in the basal ganglia, indicative of toxoplasmic encephalitis.
- Serological tests confirmed positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG and HIV antibodies.
Findings:
- The patient was diagnosed with toxoplasmic encephalitis secondary to HIV/AIDS.
- Successful treatment involved a combination of antiparasitic and antiretroviral therapies.
- The patient was discharged in stable condition after successful management.
Implications:
- This case highlights the importance of integrating neuroimaging with serological testing for accurate diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis in immunocompromised individuals.
- Prompt and appropriate treatment is essential for managing this severe opportunistic infection and improving patient prognosis.
- While MRI findings can be suggestive, they are not pathognomonic, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach.
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