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Related Concept Videos

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The arithmetic mean is usually skewed towards the larger values in the data set. Therefore, to avoid this inherent bias towards smaller values, the harmonic mean is used.
Take the example of the speed of a car, which is the measure of the rate of distance traveled. If the vehicle traverses the same distance back-and-forth, its average speed equals the total distance traveled divided by the total time taken. However, if the car moves with varying speeds, then the arithmetic mean is more skewed...
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Simple harmonic motion is the name given to oscillatory motion for a system where the net force can be described by Hooke's law. If the net force can be described by Hooke's law and there is no damping (by friction or other non-conservative forces), then a simple harmonic oscillator will oscillate with equal displacement on either side of the equilibrium position. To derive an equation for period and frequency, the equation of motion is used. The period of a simple harmonic oscillator is given...
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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Multi-electrode Harmonized Kingdon Traps.

Evgeny Nikolaev1, Mikhail Sudakov2,3, Gleb Vladimirov2

  • 1Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation. e.nikolaev@skoltech.ru.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
|August 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel multi-electrode harmonized Kingdon trap with merged internal electrodes for ion capture. This design, particularly a four-electrode variant, shows reduced sensitivity to manufacturing errors, enabling high-resolution mass spectrometers.

Keywords:
Electrostatic ion trapFT-MSFourier transformHigh resolutionMass analyzerSimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Instrument Design

Background:

  • Kingdon traps are essential for ion manipulation and analysis.
  • Existing designs face challenges with manufacturing precision and ion capture efficiency.
  • Multi-electrode configurations offer potential for improved performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and analyze a new multi-electrode harmonized Kingdon trap design.
  • To investigate the impact of manufacturing inaccuracies on trap performance.
  • To assess the feasibility of using this trap in high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of various multi-electrode harmonized Kingdon trap designs.
  • Simulation and evaluation of electrode inaccuracies.
  • Conceptual design of a four-electrode trap with merged internal electrodes.
  • Assessment of ion capture and accumulation capabilities.

Main Results:

  • A novel Kingdon trap design with two merged internal electrodes was proposed.
  • The four-electrode trap, degenerating into a two-electrode system, demonstrated lower sensitivity to manufacturing errors.
  • The proposed trap design is suitable for creating mass spectrometers with high resolving power.

Conclusions:

  • The new Kingdon trap design enhances ion capture and accumulation.
  • The four-electrode variant offers robustness against manufacturing imperfections.
  • Advanced manufacturing techniques like 3D printing are crucial for realizing these complex electrode designs.