[The Mediterranean diet as an example of food and nutrition sustainability: a multidisciplinary approach]

Sustainability represents a major concern in recent years due to climate change pressure. The diet itself contribute to the emission of greenhouse gasses, water and land use, energy consumption and environment contamination. The Mediterranean diet should be understood not only as a set of foods but also as a cultural model that involves the way foods are selected, produced, processed and distributed. The Mediterranean dietary pattern is presented not only as a cultural model but also as a healthy and environmentally friendly model. The recognition by UNESCO, with the consequent increased visibility and acceptance of the Mediterranean diet around the world, along with better and more scientific evidence regarding its benefits and effectiveness on longevity, quality of life and disease prevention, have taken this dietary pattern to an unprecedented historical moment. This is a favorable situation that could possibly enable the strengthening of the Mediterranean diet around the world, thus potentiating improvements in global health indicators and in a reduction of environmental impact by production and transportation of food resources. Therefore, the Mediterranean diet should be seen for what it is: an extremely and incomparable healthy, affordable and environmentally sustainable food model, as well as an ancient cultural heritage that confers identity and belonging. From the heart to the earth through the road of culture, the Mediterranean diet is a cultural heritage that looks to the future.