Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
07:20

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

Published on: December 21, 2012

16.5K

Current and emerging pharmacotherapy for the treatment of bacterial peritonitis

Alberto Enrico Maraolo1, Ivan Gentile1, Biagio Pinchera1

  • 1a Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|August 3, 2018
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) treatment is challenged by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in cirrhotic patients. New therapeutic strategies are needed to address the evolving microbiology and improve patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Microbiology

Background:

  • Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe complication in cirrhotic patients, significantly increasing mortality.
  • The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria complicates SBP treatment, necessitating updated therapeutic approaches.
  • Cirrhotic patients are vulnerable to healthcare-associated infections due to frequent health system exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review changes in SBP therapeutic recommendations.
  • To analyze the impact of microbiological shifts, including MDR strains, on SBP treatment.
  • To highlight the need for optimized antimicrobial strategies in cirrhotic patients with SBP.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on SBP treatment guidelines and microbiological trends.
  • Analysis of the evolving landscape of SBP causative agents, particularly Gram-positive bacteria and MDR strains.
  • Evaluation of current therapeutic options and their limitations in cirrhotic patients.

Main Results:

  • Third-generation cephalosporins, previously standard, are less effective against emerging MDR pathogens.
  • Distinguishing between nosocomial and non-nosocomial SBP is crucial for appropriate empirical treatment.
  • There is a critical need for research on novel antibiotics and their pharmacokinetics in ascitic fluid.

Conclusions:

  • Current SBP treatment strategies require re-evaluation due to increasing MDR bacteria.
  • Early, appropriate empirical treatment tailored to local resistance patterns is essential.
  • Further research is imperative to develop safer and more effective SBP therapies for fragile cirrhotic patients.
Keywords:
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitisadvanced liver diseasecirrhosiscommunity-acquiredguidelinesinfectionmultidrug-resistant bacteria

More Related Videos

Multi-scale Analysis of Bacterial Growth Under Stress Treatments12:08

Multi-scale Analysis of Bacterial Growth Under Stress Treatments

Published on: November 28, 2019

10.0K
Characterizing Salmonella Typhimurium-induced Septic Peritonitis in Mice14:10

Characterizing Salmonella Typhimurium-induced Septic Peritonitis in Mice

Published on: July 29, 2022

5.9K

Related Concept Videos

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
542
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
1.1K
Emerging Adulthood01:27

Emerging Adulthood

Jeffrey Arnett's concept of emerging adulthood offers a framework to understand the unique developmental stage between adolescence and full-fledged adulthood, generally from ages 18 to 25. This period is marked by extensive exploration and shifts in identity, relationships, and career choices, a process known in psychology as role experimentation. Emerging adulthood reflects the evolving cultural expectations surrounding adulthood and the dynamic process of personal transformation during...
700
Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications01:25

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
824
Introduction Cardiac Emergencies01:30

Introduction Cardiac Emergencies

Cardiac emergencies are critical situations involving the heart that require immediate medical intervention to prevent severe complications or death. These emergencies often arise from underlying heart conditions that impair the heart's ability to function correctly.Types of Cardiac EmergenciesThe most common types of cardiac emergencies include Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrest, and heart failure.Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)...
374
Electrical Current01:10

Electrical Current

Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
7.2K