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Sleep and circadian rhythm function and trait impulsivity: An actigraphy study.

Niall M McGowan1, Andrew N Coogan1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.

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High impulsivity in young adults is linked to delayed sleep patterns, reduced sleep time, and disrupted circadian rhythms. These sleep and circadian issues may also correlate with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms.

Keywords:
ADHDActigraphyCircadian rhythmDelayed sleep phaseImpulsivitySleep

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Behavioral Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science

Background:

  • Trait impulsivity is a key characteristic in various psychiatric disorders.
  • Understanding the biological underpinnings of impulsivity is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
  • Daily rest-activity patterns and circadian rhythms play a significant role in overall health and behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between daily rest-activity patterns and trait impulsivity in healthy young adults.
  • To identify differences in sleep behavior and circadian rhythm function between high and low impulsive individuals.
  • To explore potential associations between impulsivity, sleep disturbances, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale to categorize participants into high and low impulsivity groups.
  • Employed week-long actigraphy to objectively assess sleep behavior and circadian rhythm function.
  • Analyzed sleep parameters including sleep timing, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency.

Main Results:

  • High impulsive individuals exhibited significantly phase-delayed sleep patterns compared to low impulsive individuals.
  • Reduced total sleep time and decreased sleep efficiency were observed in the high impulsivity group.
  • Disrupted circadian rhythm function was associated with higher impulsivity and greater self-reported ADHD symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Trait impulsivity in healthy young adults is associated with significant disturbances in sleep and circadian rhythms.
  • These findings suggest that sleep and circadian dysregulation may be a contributing factor to impulsive traits.
  • The observed relationships may mirror those found in psychiatric conditions characterized by impulsivity, such as ADHD.