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Outer-Boundary Assisted Segmentation and Quantification of Trabecular Bones by an Imagej Plugin

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Trabecular bone patterning across the human hand.

Nicholas B Stephens¹, Tracy L Kivell², Dieter H Pahr³

¹Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

Journal of Human Evolution

|August 4, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Analyzing human hand bone trabecular structure reveals differences between foraging and post-agricultural lifestyles. Forager hands show greater bone density and varied loading, suggesting distinct manipulative behaviors in human evolution.

Keywords:

Behavioral reconstruction Biomechanics Functional morphology Hand evolution Histomorphometry Trabecular bone

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Area of Science:

Paleoanthropology
Biomechanics
Skeletal Biology

Background:

Hand bone morphology is crucial for understanding hominin behavior and technological advancement.
Research traditionally focuses on cortical bone, overlooking trabecular structure's potential for functional insights.
Previous studies show primate trabecular bone varies with joint loading, but human hand-wide documentation is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify and compare trabecular bone structure in 22 human hand bones.
To investigate variations between early/extant Homo sapiens with foraging versus post-Neolithic subsistence strategies.
To correlate trabecular structure with inferred joint loading differences.

Main Methods:

Quantified trabecular bone parameters: bone volume fraction (BV/TV), modulus (E), degree of anisotropy (DA), mean trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and spacing (Tb.Sp).
Visualized site-specific BV/TV distributions across hand bones for each group.
Examined variations in trabecular structure relative to expected joint loading patterns.

Main Results:

Trabecular bone distributions were similar between groups, but the forager sample exhibited higher BV/TV and E, with lower DA.
These findings suggest greater and more variable manipulative loading in the forager group.
Elevated site-specific BV/TV in carpals of the forager sample indicates high loading during wrist movements like the 'dart-thrower's' motion.

Conclusions:

Trabecular bone structure analysis is a viable method for inferring past behaviors.
Results enhance understanding of human hand evolution and fossil hominin hand use.
Distinct loading patterns observed support behavioral differences linked to subsistence strategies.