Introduction to neonatologist-performed echocardiography

Area of Science:

• Neonatal Medicine
• Cardiology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Cardiac ultrasound is vital for cardiorespiratory care in neonatal intensive care units.
• Neonatologist-performed echocardiography (NPE) is an emerging skill for neonatologists.
• This review is the first in a series on the current status of NPE.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce the key elements of neonatologist-performed echocardiography (NPE).
• To define the scope of practice for neonatologists performing echocardiography.
• To provide guidance on ultrasound physics, patient safety, and a structured scanning approach.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature and clinical practice guidelines for NPE.
• Explanation of fundamental ultrasound physics relevant to echocardiography.
• Recommendations for patient safety during neonatal echocardiography.
• Proposal of a structured approach for consistent echocardiographic scanning.

Main Results:

• Clear indications for NPE are summarized to define the neonatologist's scope of practice.
• Fundamental ultrasound physics are explained to aid image optimization and artifact recognition.
• Patient safety recommendations address cardiorespiratory stability, hypothermia, infection, and skin lesions.
• A structured scanning approach ensures comprehensive anatomical assessment or provides necessary data for cardiologist review.

Conclusions:

• NPE is a valuable tool for guiding cardiorespiratory care in sick newborns.
• Standardized training and practice are essential for effective and safe NPE.
• A structured approach enhances diagnostic accuracy and facilitates collaboration with pediatric cardiologists.