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Genomic Tools and Selective Breeding in Molluscs.

Christopher M Hollenbeck1, Ian A Johnston1,2

  • 1School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.

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|August 4, 2018
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Summary

Hatchery-based selective breeding improves farmed molluscs by overcoming challenges like high genetic diversity. Genomic tools enhance this process, boosting growth and disease resistance for sustainable aquaculture.

Keywords:
SNP genotypingaquaculturegenomic selectiongenomicsheritabilitymarker assisted selectionmolluscsselective breeding

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Area of Science:

  • Aquaculture
  • Genetics
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Farmed mollusc production relies on wild seed, limiting sustainability and genetic improvement.
  • Hatchery-based breeding offers independence from wild stocks and enables selective breeding for enhanced traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mollusc life history and genetic characteristics impacting selective breeding.
  • To assess the effectiveness of selective breeding strategies in mollusc aquaculture.
  • To catalog genomic resources and discuss opportunities for genomics-based selection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mollusc life history and genetic traits.
  • Analysis of selective breeding program results in farmed molluscs.
  • Survey of available genomic resources for aquaculture molluscs.

Main Results:

  • Selective breeding with inbreeding control is optimal for most molluscs.
  • Average improvements of 10% in growth and 15% in disease resistance per generation are achievable.
  • Genomic resources are rapidly advancing, offering potential for improved hatchery breeding.

Conclusions:

  • Selective breeding, particularly with inbreeding control, is key for mollusc aquaculture improvement.
  • Genomic tools and resources are crucial for overcoming challenges and advancing selective breeding in molluscs.
  • Addressing bottlenecks like reference genomes and genotyping costs will unlock the full potential of genomics-based selection.