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New breeding technique "genome editing" for crop improvement: applications, potentials and challenges
Supriya B Aglawe1, Kalyani M Barbadikar1, Satendra K Mangrauthia1
1Biotechnology Section, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030 India.
3 Biotech
|August 4, 2018
Summary
Genome editing (GE) using site-directed nucleases offers precise crop improvement, overcoming limitations of traditional breeding. The CRISPR/Cas system is highlighted for its potential in enhancing economic traits in plants.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Classical breeding and transgenesis have limitations in specificity and host compatibility for crop improvement.
- New breeding techniques (NBTs) are crucial for addressing global food demands.
- Genome editing (GE) using site-directed nucleases (SDNs) emerges as a powerful NBT.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of genome editing techniques, focusing on SDNs.
- To emphasize the CRISPR/Cas system for crop improvement applications.
- To discuss advantages, limitations, and practical considerations of GE.
Main Methods:
- Review of site-directed nucleases (SDNs) including meganucleases (MgN), zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activator-like effectors nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR/Cas.
- Focus on the application and precision of the CRISPR/Cas system in genome modification.
- Discussion of experimental design considerations for GE.
Main Results:
- SDNs enable targeted modifications of endogenous genes or insertion of genetic elements.
- CRISPR/Cas system offers high precision and accuracy in genome editing.
- Numerous modifications have enhanced the capabilities of GE technologies.
Conclusions:
- Genome editing, particularly CRISPR/Cas, overcomes limitations of previous breeding methods.
- GE techniques have vast potential for improving economic traits in crop plants.
- Careful experimental design is essential for successful genome editing applications.