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Related Concept Videos

Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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The Nucleosome02:33

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DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
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The Nucleosome01:19

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Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA
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Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

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Methods for Preparing Nucleosomes Containing Histone Variants.

Tomoya Kujirai1,2, Yasuhiro Arimura1,2, Risa Fujita1,2

  • 1Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0032, Tokyo, Japan.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details methods for preparing human histone variants and nucleosomes. These techniques enable crucial biochemical, structural, and biophysical investigations into epigenetic gene regulation.

Keywords:
ChromatinHistoneHistone variantsNucleosome reconstitutionRecombinant histones

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Histone variants are crucial epigenetic regulators influencing DNA processes like transcription, repair, replication, and recombination.
  • Incorporation of histone variants into nucleosomes generates structural diversity in chromatin, impacting gene regulation.
  • The unique biochemical and physical properties of each histone variant complicate their preparation and study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce robust methods for purifying human histone variants as recombinant proteins.
  • To describe preparation techniques for histone complexes and nucleosomes incorporating diverse histone variants.
  • To detail the methodology for creating heterotypic nucleosomes for specific biological investigations.

Main Methods:

  • Purification of human histone variants utilizing recombinant protein expression.
  • Assembly of histone complexes and nucleosomes containing various histone variants.
  • Specific protocol development for preparing heterotypic nucleosomes.

Main Results:

  • Successful purification of human histone variants as recombinant proteins.
  • Established protocols for generating histone complexes and variant-containing nucleosomes.
  • Detailed methodology for heterotypic nucleosome preparation is presented.

Conclusions:

  • The presented methods facilitate the production of essential components for epigenetic research.
  • These techniques are valuable for in-depth biochemical, structural, and biophysical analyses of histone variants and nucleosomes.
  • The ability to prepare heterotypic nucleosomes opens avenues for studying specialized biological functions.