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Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other. We can measure correlation by calculating a statistic known as a correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between...
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Behavioral control by the response-reinforcer correlation.

Toshikazu Kuroda1, Kennon A Lattal1

  • 1West Virginia University.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
|August 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Behavioral studies show that a positive correlation between responses and reinforcement increases responding. This suggests that the relationship between actions and rewards significantly influences behavior, independent of immediate timing factors.

Keywords:
contingencymolar theorymolecular theorypigeonsresponse-reinforcer relation

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Experimental Psychology

Background:

  • Understanding the factors that control operant behavior is crucial in behavioral psychology.
  • Previous research has focused on molecular variables, such as temporal contiguity, in reinforcement schedules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of response-reinforcer correlations in controlling behavior.
  • To differentiate the effects of response-reinforcer correlations from molecular variables in discrete-trials procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments utilized a discrete-trials procedure with constant component durations (Response, Timeout, Reinforcement).
  • Response-reinforcer correlations were manipulated by varying the programmed reinforcement rate or time to reinforcement based on the number of responses.
  • A yoked control (Zero-correlation condition) was employed to isolate the effects of the correlation itself.

Main Results:

  • Responding in the Response component was significantly higher under the Positive-correlation condition compared to the Zero-correlation condition.
  • These changes in responding occurred without systematic alterations in molecular variables like temporal contiguity or preceding interresponse times.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that the correlation between the number of responses and subsequent reinforcement is a potent controlling variable of behavior.
  • Behavioral control can be exerted by the contingency between response output and reinforcement outcome, beyond immediate stimulus-response-reinforcer dynamics.