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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
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Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

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Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
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Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

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Macroscopic Chiral Recognition by Calix[4]arene-Based Host-Guest Interactions.

Jiaxin Quan1, Guanrong Nie1, Hong Xue1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates chiral calix[4]arene on a surface for selective recognition of (S)-naproxen droplets. This advances macroscopic chiral recognition for drug delivery and enantiomer separation.

Keywords:
chiral matchinghost-guest systemsmacroscopic recognitionsupramolecular chemistrysurface chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Chiral recognition is fundamental to life and functional materials.
  • Existing research primarily focuses on molecular-level chiral recognition.
  • Macroscopic chiral recognition, especially for chiral drug droplets, is critical for applications like selective drug delivery and enantiomer separation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for macroscopic chiral recognition using host-guest interactions.
  • To investigate the selective recognition of chiral drug droplets on a functionalized surface.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of chiral calix[4]arene onto a surface.
  • Utilizing host-guest interactions for recognition.
  • Focusing on the selective recognition of (S)-naproxen droplets.

Main Results:

  • Chiral calix[4]arene surface successfully achieved selective recognition of (S)-naproxen droplets.
  • Demonstrated the potential for macroscopic chiral recognition through surface functionalization.

Conclusions:

  • Chiral calix[4]arene surfaces offer a promising platform for macroscopic chiral recognition.
  • This approach has significant implications for chiral drug delivery and enantiomer separation technologies.