Non-Metal-Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Dots: Synthesis and Properties
Feng Li1,2, Dayong Yang1, Huaping Xu2
1School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China.
Abstract:
Carbon dots (CDs) are new materials with applications in bioimaging, optical devices, catalysis, and many other fields. Their advantages, such as ease of large-scale preparation, low-costing precursors, highly tunable photoluminescence, satisfactory biocompatibility, and photostability against photobleaching, make them competitive alternatives to conventional semiconductor-based quantum dots and organic dyes. To overwhelm other luminescent materials in applications, their functionalities still need to be improved in spite of the abovementioned advantages. In recent years, it has been proven that heteroatom doping is an effective approach to improve the optical and electronic performance of CDs by tuning their carbon skeleton matrices and chemical structures. In this review, the development of non-metal-heteroatom-doped CDs, including heteroatom categories, preparation methods, and physicochemical properties, are discussed. Progressive trends in heteroatom-doped CDs are also discussed at the end of this review.
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