Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR
Published on: December 16, 2013
Identification of single-layer metallic structure of indium on Si(1 1 1)
Shigemi Terakawa1, Shinichiro Hatta1, Hiroshi Okuyama1
1Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
Abstract:
We have studied the In/Si(1 1 1) ([Formula: see text])-hex and striped phases by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES). The two phases are formed by different processes, and hence the different names have been used conventionally. We, however, found that LEED I-[Formula: see text] curves of the two phases agree with each other, indicating that they have an identical atomic structure. Our ARPES measurement revealed that the ([Formula: see text])-hex phase has metallic surface states. The observed Fermi surface was found to be very similar to the theoretical one calculated for an indium single-layer model.
Related Concept Videos
SN1 Reaction: Stereochemistry
In the first step of an SN1 reaction, the bond between the electrophilic carbon and the leaving group ionizes to generate the carbocation intermediate. The second step of the mechanism is the nucleophilic attack.
In the formed carbocation, the positively charged carbon is sp2 hybridized with a trigonal planar geometry. As all the three substituents lie on the same plane, a plane of symmetry for the...
SN1 Reaction: Kinetics
However, Sir Christopher Ingold and Edward D. Hughes, who studied the kinetics of various nucleophilic substitution reactions, noticed that a tertiary alkyl halide does undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction in the presence of a weak nucleophile. While studying the substitution...
SN1 Reaction: Mechanism
Firstly, the haloalkane ionizes to generate a carbocation intermediate and a halide ion. This heterolytic cleavage is highly endothermic with large activation energy. The ionization of the substrate, facilitated by a...
Acidity of 1-Alkynes
The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.
Predicting Products: SN1 vs. SN2
With increased substitution on the alkyl halide,...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...

