Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026

A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration
Published on: February 27, 2018
Extended release bupivacaine formulations for postoperative analgesia: an update
Angela Lucia Balocco1, Pieter G E Van Zundert2, Sophie S Gan3
1NYSORA, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg (ZOL), Genk, Belgium.
Purpose Of Review:
New formulations of local anesthetics with sustained release and longer duration of action are being developed to improve patient outcomes following surgery. This review summarizes the efficacy and safety of the three most recently developed extended-release formulations of the local anesthetic, bupivacaine.
Recent Findings:
Bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension (EXPAREL) encapsulates bupivacaine in biodegradable liposomes. It is currently the only extended-release formulation of bupivacaine approved by the FDA for infiltration of the tissues during surgery and for interscalene nerve block analgesia following shoulder surgery. SABER-Bupivacaine and HTX-011, are extended-release bupivacaine products in active development. Available data suggest relative safety and efficacy of all three formulations, although more data are needed to define their indications and dosing.
Summary:
Extended-release bupivacaine formulations are promising alternatives to prolong duration of analgesia. To date, only EXPAREL has been approved by the FDA for tissue infiltration during surgery and for interscalene nerve block.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Analgesia and Pain Management
Energy-releasing Steps of Glycolysis
The first energy-releasing step—the 6th step of glycolysis...
Gravitational Potential Energy for Extended Objects
Cartesian Form for Vector Formulation
Resultant Moment: Vector Formulation
The resultant moment of a system of forces can be calculated through vector formulation. For example, if we consider...
Couples: Scalar and Vector Formulation
A couple moment is a rotational force that tends to rotate the steering wheel. The wheel's rotation can either be in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction. The right-hand rule is a helpful method for determining the direction of a couple moment....

