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Apnea in infants hospitalized with pertussis: Incidence and gestational smoking association

José Miguel Ramos-Fernández1,2, Margarita Sánchez-Pérez1, Jorge Miguel Sánchez-González1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Regional Maternal-Child University Hospital, Malaga, Spain.

Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
|August 4, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Apnea affects nearly one in three infants hospitalized with pertussis. Maternal smoking during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of apnea in these infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Pertussis (whooping cough) is a re-emerging infectious disease causing infant hospitalizations globally.
  • Apnea is a serious, life-threatening complication of pertussis in infants.
  • The incidence and risk factors for pertussis-associated apnea require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of apnea in hospitalized infants diagnosed with pertussis.
  • To identify independent risk factors associated with apnea in infants with pertussis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analytical study of infants hospitalized with pertussis between 2010-2015.
  • Nasopharyngeal aspirates tested for Bordetella pertussis using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for inpatient apnea.

Main Results:

  • Apnea was identified in 34.7% of hospitalized infants with confirmed pertussis.
  • Maternal smoking during pregnancy was the sole statistically significant independent predictor of inpatient apnea (OR: 4.48).
  • No significant association found between apnea and gender, age, birthweight, caregiver smoking, lactation, or hematological parameters.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of pertussis-associated apnea is substantial, affecting nearly one in three hospitalized infants.
  • Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a significant risk factor, increasing apnea risk fourfold.
  • Early identification of risk factors like maternal smoking is crucial for managing pertussis complications in infants.
Abstract

Keywords:
apneaincidencepertussispregnancysmoking

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