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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease by Immunostaining Rectal Suction Biopsies for Calretinin, S100 Protein and Protein Gene Product 9.5
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S100 proteins in rheumatic diseases.

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Pro-inflammatory S100 proteins drive rheumatic disease damage. Targeting these proteins, like S100A8 and S100A9, offers a localized, innovative therapeutic strategy with minimal systemic risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Rheumatic diseases involve sterile inflammation causing significant organ damage.
  • The S100 protein family plays a key role in the development of rheumatic diseases.
  • S100 proteins act as danger-associated molecular patterns, activating inflammatory responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of S100 proteins in rheumatic diseases.
  • To evaluate S100 proteins as biomarkers for disease activity and treatment response.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies targeting S100 proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of S100 protein concentrations in serum and synovial fluid.
  • Examination of knockout mouse models for S100 proteins (S100A8, S100A9).
  • Assessment of S100 protein function in local inflammatory processes.

Main Results:

  • Elevated S100 protein levels correlate with rheumatic disease activity.
  • S100 proteins are validated biomarkers for predicting treatment response and disease flares.
  • Knockout models confirm the functional role of S100A8 and S100A9 in disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • S100 proteins are crucial in rheumatic disease pathogenesis.
  • Targeting S100 protein expression, release, or function presents a novel therapeutic avenue.
  • Therapeutic strategies focusing on S100 proteins may offer localized anti-inflammatory effects with reduced systemic side effects.