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Learning to deceive has cognitive benefits.

Xiao Pan Ding1, Gail D Heyman2, Liyang Sai3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|August 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Learning to deceive enhances cognitive skills in young children. This study shows that teaching children deception improves their executive function and theory of mind abilities.

Keywords:
ChildrenCognitionDeceptionExecutive functionSocialityTheory of mind

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Cognitive science
  • Evolutionary psychology

Background:

  • Theories link human sociality and complex cognition.
  • Deception may offer cognitive advantages to children.
  • Early childhood is a critical period for cognitive development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if learning deception enhances cognitive skills in young children.
  • To examine the causal relationship between deception and theory of mind/executive function.
  • To provide empirical evidence for cognitive benefits of deception in early development.

Main Methods:

  • 42 children (mean age 40.45 months) with no prior deception ability were studied.
  • Random assignment to an experimental (taught deception) or control group.
  • A hide-and-seek game was used over 4 days to teach and test deception skills.

Main Results:

  • Children taught deception showed significant improvements in executive function.
  • Children taught deception showed significant improvements in theory of mind.
  • Control group children did not show similar cognitive gains.

Conclusions:

  • Learning to deceive causally enhances executive function and theory of mind in young children.
  • This provides the first evidence for deception conferring cognitive benefits.
  • Findings support evolutionary and social theories linking sociality and cognition.