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The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...
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Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as radio, infrared, ultraviolet, etc. Radio waves refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from millimeters to kilometers. Radio waves are commonly used for audio communications (i.e., radios) and typically result from an alternating current in the wires of a broadcast antenna. They cover a broad wavelength range and are used...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation
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Appropriate Classification and Filtering of Electromagnetic Interference by the S-ICD Sensing Algorithm During

Karen Larimer, Moeen Saleem, Martin Burke

    Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing : Official Journal of the American Society of Perianesthesia Nurses
    |August 6, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (S-ICDs) can filter electromagnetic interference during surgery, potentially reducing the need for deactivation. This finding may improve patient safety by ensuring devices remain active post-operatively.

    Keywords:
    electromagnetic interferenceimplantable cardioverter defibrillatorsurgery

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Medical Devices
    • Electrophysiology

    Background:

    • Sudden cardiac death prevention relies on implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs).
    • Subcutaneous ICDs (S-ICDs) offer an alternative to transvenous systems.
    • Perioperative management guidelines for S-ICDs are not standardized, often leading to device deactivation during procedures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the S-ICD's response to electromagnetic interference (EMI) during surgical procedures.
    • To determine if S-ICD's inherent filtering capabilities can prevent inappropriate deactivation.
    • To inform best practices for perioperative S-ICD management.

    Main Methods:

    • Case study presentation of two patients with S-ICDs undergoing surgery.
    • Observation of S-ICD behavior in response to potential EMI.
    • Analysis of S-ICD's detection and filtering of EMI events.

    Main Results:

    • The S-ICD successfully detected and filtered electromagnetic interference in both presented cases.
    • No inappropriate shocks or device deactivations occurred due to EMI during the procedures.
    • The findings suggest the S-ICD has robust EMI filtering capabilities.

    Conclusions:

    • S-ICD's ability to filter EMI may allow for less frequent perioperative deactivation.
    • This could reduce the risk of patients being discharged with an inactive device.
    • Further research is needed to establish specific protocols for S-ICD management during various surgical interventions.