Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

48.3K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
48.3K
Empirical Method to Interpret Standard Deviation01:09

Empirical Method to Interpret Standard Deviation

10.2K
The empirical rule, also known as the three-sigma rule, allows a statistician to interpret the standard deviation in a normally distributed dataset. The rule states that 68% of the data lies within one standard deviation from the mean, 95% lies within two standard deviations from the mean, and 99.7% lies within three standard deviations from the mean. Additionally, this rule is also called the 68-95-99.7 rule.
This rule is used widely in statistics to calculate the proportion of data values...
10.2K
Experimental Determination of Chemical Formula02:37

Experimental Determination of Chemical Formula

47.4K
The elemental makeup of a compound defines its chemical identity, and chemical formulas are the most concise way of representing this elemental makeup. When a compound’s formula is unknown, measuring the mass of its constituent elements is often the first step in determining the formula experimentally.
47.4K
Chemical Formulas02:52

Chemical Formulas

61.4K
A chemical formula presents information about the proportions of atoms constituting a particular chemical compound or molecule, mainly using symbols of elements and numbers. At times other symbols, such as dashes, parentheses, brackets, commas, plus, and minus signs, are also used. A chemical formula can be one of three types – molecular, empirical, and structural.
61.4K
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

21.7K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
21.7K
What is Behavior?00:54

What is Behavior?

10.3K
Behaviors are actions that an organism engages in—they can be related to finding food, reproducing, defending against threats, and many other possible actions. Behaviors include activities related to the environment around the animal—such as migration—as well as social interactions within a species or population. Many behaviors involve motor output—that is, muscle movements—while others involve less visible actions, such as learning.
10.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Measuring Moral Injury Outcome and Distress in High-Risk Populations in Germany: A Validation Study.

Assessment·2026
Same author

Research on microaggressions and their impact assesses neither microaggressions nor their impact.

Current opinion in psychology·2026
Same author

Moving the field forward on moral injury: Possibilities and pitfalls of experimental research.

Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry·2026
Same author

How to design a trigger warning: An experimental study on the impact of trigger warning wording on affect, expectations, intrusions, and felt respect.

Cognition & emotion·2026
Same author

Intolerance of uncertainty and climate change experience as driving forces of climate anxiety: Insights from a network perspective.

Journal of anxiety disorders·2026
Same author

A mixed-methods analysis of survivors' motives for "self-triggering" with trauma reminders.

Journal of traumatic stress·2025
Same journal

Exploring a novel perspective on dissociative symptoms in PTSD: A habit-goal framework.

Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Guided memory retrieval shapes subsequent intrusive memories: A systematic manipulation of memory retrieval.

Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Does future-oriented imagery rescripting increase willingness to carry out a social anxiety-related behavioral experiment? An extended replication.

Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Green minds, sharp thoughts: How grass contact enhances cognitive performance and well-being in young adults.

Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Shaping new perceptions: A preliminary multi-method investigation of changes in hostile attributions following a psychoeducational mentalization-based treatment module.

Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Safety behaviours in body dysmorphic disorder extend to the digital world.

Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

RNAi Trigger Delivery into Anopheles gambiae Pupae
09:58

RNAi Trigger Delivery into Anopheles gambiae Pupae

Published on: March 8, 2016

9.6K

Trigger warning: Empirical evidence ahead.

Benjamin W Bellet1, Payton J Jones1, Richard J McNally1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
|August 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trigger warnings may increase anxiety and perceived emotional vulnerability, particularly when individuals believe words can cause harm. This study suggests potential negative impacts on emotional resilience, especially for non-traumatized individuals.

Keywords:
AnxietyPTSDResilienceTrigger warningVulnerability

More Related Videos

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments
05:19

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

7.5K
Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
08:54

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

Published on: January 25, 2020

6.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

RNAi Trigger Delivery into Anopheles gambiae Pupae
09:58

RNAi Trigger Delivery into Anopheles gambiae Pupae

Published on: March 8, 2016

9.6K
Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments
05:19

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

7.5K
Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
08:54

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

Published on: January 25, 2020

6.0K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Trigger warnings, initially for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are now debated in academia.
  • Arguments for trigger warnings focus on psychological preparation and avoidance of distress.
  • Counterarguments suggest trigger warnings may reduce resilience and academic freedom.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the psychological effects of trigger warnings on individuals' emotional responses and perceptions of vulnerability.
  • To examine how beliefs about the harmfulness of words influence the impact of trigger warnings.

Main Methods:

  • Online participants were randomly assigned to receive or not receive trigger warnings before reading literary passages.
  • Passages varied in their potential to cause distress.

Main Results:

  • Participants receiving trigger warnings perceived themselves and others as more emotionally vulnerable.
  • Anxiety increased in response to distressing passages among those who received warnings and believed words could cause harm.
  • Trigger warnings did not affect implicit self-identification of vulnerability or anxiety towards less distressing content.

Conclusions:

  • Trigger warnings may unintentionally diminish emotional resilience.
  • Further research is needed to understand effects in traumatized populations and college students.