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Related Concept Videos

Impedance Combination01:21

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Consider a string of christmas lights, each bulb symbolizing an impedance element. In this series configuration, the flow of electric current remains uniform across every component. This behavior aligns with Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL), which asserts that the total impedance in such a setup equals the sum of individual impedances—akin to resistors in series. It follows that the voltage from the power source is distributed proportionally among these components, adhering to the voltage...
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In the realm of AC circuits, passive circuit elements like resistors, inductors, and capacitors take on a different character when characterized by phasor voltage and current. Their behavior is expressed through impedance, a vital concept in AC circuit analysis.
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Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Quantification of Diabetes-induced Adherent Leukocytes in Retinal Vasculature
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Label-free leukocyte sorting and impedance-based profiling for diabetes testing.

Chayakorn Petchakup1, Hui Min Tay2, Wei Hseun Yeap3

  • 1School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Block N3, Singapore 639798, Singapore.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|August 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new microfluidic method rapidly sorts leukocytes from whole blood for label-free activation analysis. This technique identifies pro-inflammatory leukocyte phenotypes in type 2 diabetes mellitus, suggesting a new biomarker for inflammation.

Keywords:
Dean flow fractionationDiabetes mellitusImpedance cytometryLeukocyte phenotyping

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Hematology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Efficient leukocyte analysis is crucial for understanding health and disease.
  • Current methods for leukocyte profiling can be time-consuming and require cell labeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid, label-free microfluidic strategy for leukocyte sorting and impedance-based profiling.
  • To assess leukocyte activation and identify potential biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Main Methods:

  • Size-fractionation of leukocytes using an inertial spiral sorter.
  • Single-cell impedance measurement in a microfluidic device with coplanar electrodes.
  • Analysis of dielectric properties in leukocytes from healthy and T2DM subjects.

Main Results:

  • Detected significant changes in leukocyte membrane dielectric properties between healthy and activated cells.
  • Observed distinct impedance signatures during monocyte differentiation and across monocyte subsets.
  • Quantified neutrophil/monocyte dielectric properties in T2DM subjects, correlating with cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • T2DM subjects exhibit pro-inflammatory leukocyte phenotypes.
  • Leukocyte impedance signatures show promise as novel surrogate biomarkers for inflammation.
  • The developed microfluidic approach offers a rapid and effective tool for leukocyte analysis.