Comparative physiology and proteomics of two wheat genotypes differing in seed storage tolerance

Area of Science:

• Plant science
• Seed biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Seed storability is crucial for genebank longevity but its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.
• Previous studies using accelerated aging do not accurately reflect real-world genebank storage conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the molecular mechanisms differentiating storage-tolerant and storage-sensitive wheat seeds under long-term genebank conditions.
• To identify key proteins and pathways involved in maintaining seed viability during prolonged storage.

Main Methods:

• Two wheat genotypes with differing storage characteristics (TRI_23248 - storage tolerant, TRI_10230 - storage sensitive) were stored for 10 years at -18°C and 20°C.
• Proteomic analysis was performed to compare protein abundance patterns between the two genotypes post-storage.
• Functional analysis of differentially abundant proteins was conducted.

Main Results:

• Wheat genotype TRI_23248 exhibited storage tolerance (ST), while TRI_10230 was storage sensitive (SS).
• Significant changes in protein abundance were observed, with 93 spots in ST and 105 spots in SS seeds.
• Proteins involved in defense against oxidative damage, utilization of storage proteins, and energy metabolism (ATP supply) were significantly altered.
• ST seeds demonstrated a superior ability to activate defense mechanisms and maintain energy metabolism.

Conclusions:

• Storage-tolerant wheat seeds possess enhanced capabilities for oxidative stress defense and energy maintenance.
• Understanding these protein-level differences provides novel insights into seed storability mechanisms.
• This research can contribute to improving seed longevity strategies in genebanks.