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Cancer

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

Tissues

Tissues

Cells with similar structure and function are grouped into tissues. A group of tissues with a specialized function is called an organ. There are four main types of tissue in vertebrates: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of...

Cancer Prevention

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...

Cancer Therapies

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Published on: November 30, 2016

Adipose tissue dysfunction in cancer cachexia.

Sahar I Daas^1,2, Balsam R Rizeq^3,4, Gheyath K Nasrallah^4,5

¹Department of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.

Journal of Cellular Physiology

|August 6, 2018

Summary

Cancer cachexia causes extreme weight loss through inflammation and metabolic issues. White adipose tissue (WAT) browning increases energy expenditure, contributing to this wasting syndrome.

Keywords:

WAT browning brown adipocytes cancer cachexia inflammation white adipocytes

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Metabolism
Oncology

Background:

Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by inflammation and extreme weight loss.
Adipose tissue, comprising white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue, is a key metabolic and secretory organ implicated in cancer cachexia.
Secretory products from adipose tissue, such as adipokines and cytokines, influence various organs, including skeletal muscle, brain, pancreas, and liver.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the characteristics of cancer cachexia and WAT browning.
To elucidate the mechanisms of adipose tissue inflammation in cancer.
To highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying WAT dysfunction and browning in cancer cachexia.

Main Methods:

Literature review summarizing current understanding of cancer cachexia and WAT browning.
Analysis of the role of secreted macromolecules, cytokines, hormones, and tumor mediators in adipose tissue dysfunction.
Examination of inflammatory responses, energy utilization defects, and molecular pathways involved in WAT dysfunction.

Main Results:

Cancer cachexia involves metabolic alterations and systemic inflammation, leading to adipose tissue wasting.
WAT undergoes a browning process during cancer cachexia, enhancing lipid mobilization and energy expenditure.
Adipose tissue dysfunction is influenced by a combination of factors, including inflammation, lipolysis, apoptosis, and reduced lipogenesis.

Conclusions:

Understanding adipose tissue dysfunction and browning in cancer cachexia is crucial.
Further research into the mechanisms of adipose tissue loss may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
Targeting adipose tissue dysfunction could offer new approaches to treat cancer cachexia.