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Related Concept Videos

Indicators02:39

Indicators

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Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein is a colorless substance in any aqueous solution with a hydronium ion concentration greater than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH < 8.3). In more basic solutions where the hydronium ion concentration is less than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH > 8.3), it is red or pink. Substances such as phenolphthalein, which can be used to determine the pH of a solution, are...
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Anatomical Positions01:11

Anatomical Positions

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In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
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Anatomical Terminology01:20

Anatomical Terminology

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Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe the human body with more precision and no ambiguity. Anatomical terms have mostly Greek and Latin-derived roots. Because these languages are rarely used in conversation, the meaning of words remains the same. Each term is made up of a root in between the prefixes and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition,...
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Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
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Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
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Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions01:30

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions

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The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the...
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Optical Quantification of Intracellular pH in Drosophila melanogaster Malpighian Tubule Epithelia with a Fluorescent Genetically-encoded pH Indicator
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Quantification of pectus excavatum: Anatomic indices.

Joseph A Sujka1, Shawn D St Peter1

  • 1Thomas Holder and Keith Aschraft Endowed Chair, The Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States.

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
|August 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Pectus excavatum, a common chest deformity in children, is measured using the Haller Index (HI) and Pectus Correction Index (PCI). This article details how these chest imaging calculations are created, computed, and their limitations.

Keywords:
Haller indexPectus Correction IndexPectus excavatum

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Medical Imaging
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Pectus excavatum is the most frequent congenital chest wall anomaly in pediatric patients.
  • It involves posterior displacement of the sternum and ribs.
  • Accurate severity assessment is crucial for treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the methodologies behind quantifying pectus excavatum severity.
  • To describe the creation and calculation of key measurement indices.
  • To outline the inherent limitations of current quantification methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established imaging techniques for chest wall deformities.
  • Detailed explanation of the Haller Index (HI) calculation using CT scans.
  • Description of the Pectus Correction Index (PCI) as an alternative quantitative measure.

Main Results:

  • The Haller Index (HI) and Pectus Correction Index (PCI) are standard quantitative tools.
  • These indices rely on cross-sectional imaging, primarily CT scans.
  • Standardized calculations allow for objective comparison and definition of pectus excavatum severity.

Conclusions:

  • The Haller Index (HI) and Pectus Correction Index (PCI) provide essential metrics for pectus excavatum.
  • Understanding their creation, calculation, and limitations is vital for accurate diagnosis.
  • Further research may refine these quantitative approaches for improved clinical application.