Urinothorax Caused by Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis
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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
Published on: July 18, 2017
Waiel Abusnina1, Hazim Bukamur2, Zeynep Koc3
1Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25701, USA.
Abstract:
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare form of chronic pyelonephritis that generally afflicts middle-aged women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections. Its pathogenesis generally involves calculus obstructive uropathy and its histopathology is characterized by replacement of the renal parenchyma with lipid filled macrophages. This often manifests as an enlarged, nonfunctioning kidney that may be complicated by abscess or fistula. This case details the first reported case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis complicated by urinothorax, which resolved on follow-up chest X-ray after robot-assisted nephrectomy.
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