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    Over 1,200 rural pharmacies have closed in the U.S. in 16 years, with a significant decline from 2007-2009. Many rural communities now lack any retail pharmacy access.

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    Area of Science:

    • Health Services Research
    • Rural Health Policy
    • Pharmacy Practice

    Background:

    • Rural pharmacies are critical access points for healthcare in underserved areas.
    • A significant number of independently owned rural pharmacies have closed over the past two decades.
    • The accessibility of retail pharmacies in rural communities has diminished.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide updated annual data on rural pharmacy closures in the United States.
    • To analyze the trends and extent of pharmacy closures in rural America.
    • To assess the impact of these closures on rural communities.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of annual data on pharmacy closures over a 16-year period (up to 2018).
    • Tracking of independently owned rural pharmacies.
    • Assessment of retail pharmacy presence in rural communities from March 2003 to March 2018.

    Main Results:

    • 1,231 independently owned rural pharmacies (16.1%) closed between 2003 and 2018.
    • The most rapid decline in rural pharmacy numbers occurred between 2007 and 2009.
    • By March 2018, 630 rural communities had lost all their retail pharmacies.

    Conclusions:

    • The closure of rural pharmacies represents a significant and ongoing trend in the United States.
    • This trend disproportionately affects rural communities, leading to pharmacy deserts.
    • Sustained monitoring and policy interventions are necessary to address the decline of rural pharmacies.