A three dimensional multiplane kinematic model for bilateral hind limb gait analysis in cats

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Veterinary Medicine
• Kinesiology

Background:

• Kinematic gait analysis is a crucial noninvasive method for evaluating locomotion in various populations.
• Three-dimensional (3D) kinematic analysis provides advanced outcome measures like internal-external rotation, which 2D sagittal plane analysis cannot capture.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a 3D hind limb multiplane kinematic model for feline gait analysis.
• To implement and compare two 3D stifle (knee) prediction techniques.
• To compare stifle flexion-extension measurements between the 3D multiplane and 2D sagittal plane models.

Main Methods:

• A 3D multiplane kinematic model was developed using joint coordinate systems for feline hind limb gait analysis.
• Two 3D stifle prediction techniques were implemented and compared.
• Kinematic data, including joint angles and rotations, were collected during walking in three adult cats.

Main Results:

• Both multiplane stifle prediction techniques produced comparable results.
• In vivo joint angles (skin markers) closely matched ex vivo angles (skeleton markers).
• Significant differences in hip, stifle, and tarsal joint flexion-extension were observed between the multiplane and sagittal plane models.

Conclusions:

• The developed 3D multiplane kinematic model effectively predicts rotational kinematics, quantifying motion in frontal, transverse, and sagittal planes.
• This model offers the advantage of characterizing joint internal-external rotation and abduction-adduction.
• The model provides enhanced accuracy in representing joint flexion-extension movements, improving comprehensive gait analysis.