Effects of x irradiation on a temperate bacteriophage of Haemophilus influenzae

The inactivation of bacteriophage HP1c1 by X rays in a complex medium was found to be exponential, with a D0 (the X-ray exposure necessary to reduce the survival of the phage to 37%) of approximately 90 kR. Analysis of results of sucrose sedimentation of DNA from X-irradiated whole phage showed that the D0 for intactness of single strands was about 105kR, and for intactness of double strands, it was much higher. The D0 for attachment of X-irradiated phage to the host was roughly estimated as about 1,100 kR. Loss of DNA from the phage occurred and was probably due to lysis of the phage by X irradiation, but the significance of the damage is not clear. The production of single-strand breaks approaches the rate of survival loss after X irradiation. However, single-strand breaks produced by UV irradiation, in the presence of H2O2, equivalent to 215 kR of X rays, showed no lethal effect on the phage. Although UV-sensitive mutants of the host cell, Haemophilus influenzae, have been shown to reactivate UV-irradiated phage less than does the wild-type host cell, X-irradiated phage survive equally well on the mutants as on the wild type, a fact suggesting that other repair systems are involved in X-ray repair.