Meta-analysis of perinatal factors associated with epilepsy in tropical countries

Most people with epilepsy live in tropical countries. Perinatal factors seem to play a significant role in the occurrence of epilepsy. Available data provide different and sometimes contradictory conclusions on the role and the burden of these factors. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of these perinatal factors on the development of epilepsy in tropical countries. The main databases were screened, regardless the language, for all eligible studies published up to March 2017. Exposures were perinatal factors whilst the disease was epilepsy. After selection and data extraction, we calculated a pooled measure of association for each perinatal factor using fixed or random-effect models. We tested the heterogeneity and the publication bias. The degree of significance was 5%. We screened 22,581 articles and identified 13 studies. Among the perinatal factors studied, home birth (OR 1.36, 95%CI: 1.21-1.54), complicated delivery (OR 2.10, 95%CI: 1.05-4.20) and premature birth (OR 2.80, 95%CI: 2.07-3.78) were associated with the occurrence of epilepsy. The attributable risk of premature birth and home birth was estimated to be responsible for 17% and 20% of the cases of epilepsy, respectively, in tropical countries. Despite the limited number of studies identified, we demonstrated that some perinatal factors are risk factors for epilepsy in tropical countries. The three most studied risk factors are modifiable. Therefore, prevention strategies should target them. Further studies are essential to improve the understanding of the burden of these factors in the development of epilepsy.