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Low Doses of Ochratoxin-A Decrease IgY and IgA Production in Broiler Chicks.

Shahzad A Khan1, Emerson J Venancio2, Eduardo V Fernandes3

  • 1Department of Pathologic Sciences, State University Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil. shahzadakbar@upr.edu.pk.

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|August 8, 2018
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Summary

Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in poultry feed, even at recommended levels, significantly reduces key immune markers like IgY and IgA. This mycotoxin exposure impacts chick immunity, affecting thymus and bursa size.

Keywords:
IgAIgYleukocyteslymphocytesmycotoxinstoxins

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Immunology
  • Food Safety
  • Mycotoxicology

Background:

  • Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a widespread mycotoxin contaminant in food and feed.
  • Regulatory limits exist for OTA in poultry feed (0.1 mg/kg) to prevent adverse effects.
  • Previous studies indicate potential impacts on immune organs and globulin levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess the effects of dietary Ochratoxin A (OTA) on circulating IgY and IgA levels in chicks.
  • To evaluate the impact of varying OTA doses (0.1–1.1 mg/kg) on immunological parameters over 14 and 21 days.
  • To determine the dose-dependent effects of OTA on thymus, bursa of Fabricius, spleen weights, and leukocyte profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Chicks were fed diets containing OTA at doses of 0.1, 0.3, 0.7, or 1.1 mg/kg for 14 or 21 days.
  • Serum levels of total IgY and IgA were quantified.
  • Weights of thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen were measured.
  • Leukocyte profiles were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • All OTA-treated groups showed significantly decreased serum IgY levels (p < 0.05).
  • Reduced IgA levels were observed in the low-dose group on day 21.
  • Thymus and bursa of Fabricius weights were significantly reduced in all OTA-exposed groups (p < 0.05).
  • Spleen size and leukocyte profiles were altered only in the high-dose OTA groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Chronic exposure to OTA, even at the regulatory limit dose, negatively impacts IgY and IgA production in chicks.
  • OTA exposure affects key immune organs, with dose-dependent effects on spleen and leukocyte profiles.
  • These findings highlight the immunotoxic potential of OTA in poultry, necessitating careful feed monitoring.