Enamel Roughness Changes after Removal of Orthodontic Adhesive

The aim of this study was to evaluate enamel roughness, quality of the enamel surfaces and time duration comparing different orthodontic adhesive removal protocols. Premolars were used to test three adhesive removal methods (n = 20): five-blade carbide bur, 30-blade carbide bur, and ultrasonic diamond bur. Bracket was bonded using Transbond^TM XT adhesive. Roughness with different parameters was measured before bracket bonding and after adhesive remnants removal. Micromorphological analysis of enamel surface (n = 5) was performed by SEM images and categorized in enamel damage index-"perfect"; "satisfying"; "imperfect"; and "unacceptable". Time was measured in seconds. All removal methods caused increased roughness in relation to R_a, R_q, and R_z parameters (X axis) comparing to healthy enamel surface. Enamel surface resulted from removal using five-blade burs was scored as satisfactory. Carbide bur groups decreased the roughness values of R_a, R_q, and R_z parameters on the Y axis and enamel surface was considered unacceptable. The 30-blade group increased symmetry (R_sk) and flattening (R_ku) parameters of roughness and surface was scored as unsatisfactory. Diamond bur removed adhesive in 54.8 s, faster than five-blade carbide bur. The five-blade bur group resulted in less enamel roughness than the 30-blade and diamond groups.