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Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

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Crystalline functionalized endohedral C₆₀ metallofullerides.

Ayano Nakagawa¹, Makiko Nishino¹, Hiroyuki Niwa¹

¹Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.

Nature Communications

|August 8, 2018

Summary

Researchers synthesized and characterized novel functionalized gadolinium and lanthanum metallofullerenes based on C60. Chemical functionalization with CF3 groups stabilized these highly reactive endohedral metallofullerenes, enabling structural and electromagnetic property determination.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Materials Science
Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) are molecules with metal atoms encapsulated inside fullerene cages.
Studies have primarily focused on larger fullerenes (e.g., C82) due to the high reactivity of smaller C60-based EMFs.
Stabilization of C60-based EMFs is crucial for their detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize novel functionalized C60-based metallofullerenes.
To determine the structure and electromagnetic properties of these stabilized EMFs.
To investigate the effect of chemical functionalization on EMF stability and properties.

Main Methods:

Chemical functionalization of C60 with trifluoromethyl (CF3) groups.
Encapsulation of Gadolinium (Gd) and Lanthanum (La) metal atoms within C60 cages.
Synchrotron X-ray single-crystal diffraction for structural determination.
Electromagnetic property measurements, including magnetic susceptibility.

Main Results:

Successful isolation and structural determination of crystalline Gd@C60(CF3)5 and La@C60(CF3)5.
X-ray diffraction confirmed the encapsulation of La and Gd atoms within the I h -C60 fullerene cage.
Trifluoromethyl functionalization significantly widened the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital-Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gap.
Weak antiferromagnetic coupling was observed in Gd@C60(CF3)3 crystals at low temperatures.

Conclusions:

Chemical functionalization is an effective strategy to stabilize reactive C60-based metallofullerenes.
The synthesized functionalized EMFs exhibit unique structural and electromagnetic properties.
This work opens new avenues for exploring C60-based EMFs in various applications.