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Intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary shunt in ducks.

P E Bickler, L A Maginniss, F L Powell

    Respiration Physiology
    |February 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The oxygen method detected extrapulmonary shunts in ducks, unlike the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). Both methods showed increased shunt when water entered the lungs, highlighting the oxygen method

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Respiratory Physiology
    • Comparative Physiology

    Background:

    • Intrapulmonary shunt is a key factor in gas exchange impairment.
    • Distinguishing intrapulmonary from extrapulmonary shunt is crucial for accurate physiological assessment.
    • Previous methods lacked the ability to fully differentiate shunt origins.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary shunts in Pekin ducks using two distinct methods.
    • To compare the efficacy of the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) and the oxygen (O2) method in measuring shunt.
    • To investigate the impact of pulmonary water introduction on both shunt measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Measurement of shunt in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated Pekin ducks using MIGET and the O2 method during 100% O2 breathing.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Calculation of O2 shunt based on blood oxygen content, estimated from measured PO2, and standard O2 equilibrium curves.
  • Determination of appropriate pH and hematocrit in separate duck samples to refine O2 shunt calculations.

    • Main Results:

    • In normal lungs, MIGET shunt was 1.3% +/- 0.4% of cardiac output, while O2 shunt was 6.3% +/- 1.3%.
    • O2 shunt exceeded MIGET shunt by 5.4% +/- 1.4%, attributed to extrapulmonary shunts (e.g., bronchial circulation, thebesian veins).
    • Both MIGET and O2 shunts significantly increased following the introduction of water into the lungs, with a strong correlation (r = 0.96) between the two measures.

    Conclusions:

    • The O2 method effectively quantifies both intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary shunts, providing a more comprehensive measure than MIGET alone.
    • Extrapulmonary shunts constitute a significant component of the total shunt in healthy ducks.
    • Pulmonary water accumulation exacerbates both intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary shunting, impacting overall respiratory function.