Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Cardiac Response to β-Adrenergic Stimulation Determined by Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis
Published on: May 19, 2021
Respiratory responses to chemical activation of left ventricular receptors
Abstract:
Respiratory responses to chemical activation of receptors in the left ventricle were measured in anesthetized cats. Application of capsaicin (10 micrograms) or bradykinin (500 ng) to the serosal surface of the left ventricle caused increases in phrenic nerve activity and in arterial pressure. These responses persisted after cervical vagotomy and after bilateral transection of the carotid sinus nerves. Bilateral stellate ganglionectomy abolished the respiratory responses to capsaicin and bradykinin. In addition, stellate ganglionectomy prevented the arterial pressure response to bradykinin; however, a slight increase in arterial pressure occurred with application of capsaicin. It is concluded that activation of sympathetic afferents originating in the left ventricle causes an increase in respiratory output.
Related Concept Videos
Physiological Control of Respiration
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
Sympathetic Activation
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System
Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated. Under...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

