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Iodate induced toxic retinopathy: a case report
Y C Venu Gopal Reddy1, Anuj Sharma1, Adheesh P Shetty1
1Aravind Eye Hospital, S.N. High Road, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu 627001 India.
International Journal of Retina and Vitreous
|August 8, 2018
Summary
Excessive potassium iodate intake can cause severe retinal damage, including outer retinal atrophy. The extent of vision loss from this iodine toxicity depends on the ingested dose.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Toxicology
- Public Health
Background:
- Iodine deficiency is a major cause of preventable intellectual disabilities.
- Potassium iodate is used for salt iodization in India's National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Program.
- Excessive iodate intake can result in retinal toxicity.
Observation:
- A 34-year-old male presented with vision loss 10 years after ingesting iodate.
- Fundus examination revealed widespread outer retinal atrophy, foveal atrophy, and sub-retinal fibrosis.
- Fundus fluorescein angiography showed window defects, and scotopic electroretinography indicated poor prognosis.
Findings:
- Potassium iodate toxicity can lead to outer retinal atrophy.
- Retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors are susceptible to iodate toxicity.
- The severity of retinal damage correlates with the ingested dose of potassium iodate.
Implications:
- Highlights the risk of excessive iodate intake, even years after ingestion.
- Underscores the importance of appropriate dosage in public health fortification programs.
- Suggests long-term monitoring for individuals with a history of significant iodate ingestion.
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